Social insects like bumblebees are fascinatingly complex—especially when it comes to task allocation. Even among workers, there’s variation in who does what: some tend to the young, others regulate nest temperature, and many venture out to forage. Foraging bees collect both nectar (a carbohydrate source) and pollen (a protein source)—aka the original girl dinner! But what determines whether a bee becomes a nectar or pollen forager?
I was curious whether individual differences in sensory sensitivity to sugar might play a role. Specifically, I hypothesized that bees more sensitive to sucrose would be less likely to be nectar foragers—since you’d want those foragers to be more selective and focused on collecting only the highest-quality nectar.
I observed wild-caught and lab-reared bumblebees foraging for nectar or pollen and tested their sucrose responsiveness, but found no difference between groups—suggesting that other factors like experience or colony needs may shape foraging roles. To validate my methods, I tested wild-caught honeybees, whose responses aligned with past research, confirming my protocol while highlighting the complexity of bumblebee behavior.
In social insect colonies, division of labor is everything. Queens, drones, and workers take on different roles, with reproduction limited to queens and drones, while workers handle foraging and in-nest tasks like feeding young larvae. These roles—often called castes—come with striking differences in behavior, morphology, and cognition.
Queens, for example, must establish a new colony alone, often foraging and caring for their first offspring solo. This demanding start may explain why queens do better than workers in learning tasks. Can queens keep this up when their environments change?
To explore this, I tested both queens and workers from two wild bumblebee species on a reversal learning assay—a cognitive test that challenges individuals to "unlearn" old information and adapt to new rules. Queens and workers were first trained to associate a color with a reward, and then the rules were reversed. With my results, I want to know whether queens are more cognitively flexible than workers or does their superior learning prevent them from reversing learned information?
I have been extremely fascinated recently by the concept of microbes in animal guts being related to their behavior. In insects, particularly in bees, gut microbiomes have been associated with behavior, by altering the compounds that directly affect learning and perception. Certain gut microbiomes also affect cognitive traits like long-term memory. I am increasingly curious to know if the cognitive results I get from the reversal learning project will have any correlation with the bees' gut microbiomes.
I am working with the incredible Dr Tobin Hammer and Kristal Waltrous at UC Irvine to ascertain if gut microbiomes play a role in reversal learning among queen and worker bumblebees.
Taking an integrative approach, I am also curious to know the neuromorphological differences between individuals that perform better or worse at the cognitive task. This project is in its most nascent stage so watch this space!
My first experience with research was in the Honey Bee Lab at NCBS, Bengaluru, where I contributed to a project involving studying the dance language of three Asian honeybee species.
The goal of the project was to determine whether the mechanism of spatial information transfer during the waggle dance is conserved across honey bee species. The results of this exciting study have been published in Animal Behavior.
Image is borrowed from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.09.011